\select@language {english} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces Growth of mobile GSM subscriptions. Compiled from \cite {GSM2009,GSM_history2011,GSM_stats2011}}}{6} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces The main components of a GSM network.}}{8} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Authentication procedure.}}{13} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces Mapping of functional entities on the 900\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}MHz\ band.}}{15} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.5}{\ignorespaces Theoretical arrangement of radio cells compared to a realistic alignment. Cells with the same number share the same frequency \cite {GSM2009}.}}{17} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces Ciphering procedure for one frame of voice data. Adopted from \cite {kommsys2006}.}}{19} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.7}{\ignorespaces The combination of FDMA and TDMA.}}{21} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.8}{\ignorespaces Hierarchical composition of the different frames.}}{22} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.9}{\ignorespaces Structural Comparison of different Burst types. After \cite {GSM2009}.}}{22} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.10}{\ignorespaces Mapping of virtual channels on time slots.}}{24} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.11}{\ignorespaces A commercial catcher by Rhode \& Schwarz \cite {fox} and a self built catcher introduced at Defcon 2010 \cite {def_catcher}.}}{28} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.12}{\ignorespaces IMSI catching procedure. Adopted and simplified from \cite {mueller}.}}{29} \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Circuit board of the Motorola C123 with its components \cite {osmo_wiki_c123}.}}{36} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Interaction of the OsmocomBB components with the ICDS software.}}{37} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces System Information 2 Message \cite {protocols1999}.}}{39} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.4}{\ignorespaces Procedure taken when the network has a call/text waiting for a passive subscriber.}}{41} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.5}{\ignorespaces Some base stations and their neighbourhood connections at the Faculty of Engineering.}}{45} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.6}{\ignorespaces Comparison between a normal neighbourhood subgraph and a tainted one.}}{46} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(a)}{\ignorespaces {Normal neighbourhood}}}{46} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(b)}{\ignorespaces {Tainted neighbourhood}}}{46} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.7}{\ignorespaces System architecture of the ICDS. The arrows indicate the flow of data.}}{50} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.8}{\ignorespaces Configuration Dictionary in the settings file.}}{51} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.9}{\ignorespaces The ICDS main window.}}{53} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.10}{\ignorespaces Dialogs for different settings.}}{56} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(a)}{\ignorespaces {Databases window.}}}{56} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(b)}{\ignorespaces {Rules window.}}}{56} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(c)}{\ignorespaces {Filters window.}}}{56} \contentsline {subfigure}{\numberline {(d)}{\ignorespaces {PCH scan window.}}}{56} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.11}{\ignorespaces The User Mode window.}}{58} \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces Scan durations for the sample data sets.}}{62} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Open Source IMSI Catcher (left) with USRP (black) and external clock (blue) and the ICDS (right) with the Motorola C123 connected.}}{65} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Excerpt of a \texttt {OpenBTS.conf}.}}{66} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces Takeover attack of an IMSI catcher on a base station.}}{70} \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.1}{\ignorespaces ICDS decision finding process outlined.}}{74} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {B.1}{\ignorespaces Serial cable schematics.}}{85} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {D.1}{\ignorespaces System Information 1 Message}}{94} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {D.2}{\ignorespaces System Information 2 Message}}{95} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {D.3}{\ignorespaces System Information 3 Message}}{96} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {D.4}{\ignorespaces System Information 4 Message}}{97} \addvspace {10\p@ }