From 4b2715ee81ede28dfdb1194f5d7d0947b9f7adfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Refik Hadzialic Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2012 20:19:38 +0200 Subject: Description of tests and results! --- vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf | Bin 6938310 -> 9466920 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.pdf | Bin 0 -> 2520684 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.svg | 333 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 103 +++++++- vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof | 1 + vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot | 5 +- 6 files changed, 434 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.pdf create mode 100644 vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.svg diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf index 25fb8ab..2725445 100644 Binary files a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf and b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45b7706 Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.svg b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0586be0 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/googlemapsResults.svg @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ + + + +image/svg+xml +Test room 2 +Test room 1 +Test room 3 +Test outside +2 +20 m +1 +2 + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex index dd64857..366d3bf 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex @@ -2821,7 +2821,7 @@ than 100 m \citep{installnanoBTS}. \chapter{Results} One of the most important parts of this thesis are the results that shall be presented in this chapter. Tests shall be elucidated and how the results -were obtained. The results will be analysed by the time required to perform a +were obtained. The results shall be analysed by the time required to perform a localization of a GSM user and the geographical dislocation error using Google maps. After the results have been presented, a section with criticism demonstraces all the obstacles that may have appeared @@ -2833,7 +2833,98 @@ insight into the complete operation of the built localization system in this the \newpage -\section{Performed tests} +\section{Tests \& Results} +\label{sec:tstRes} +In this section a description of the performed tests shall be given. Albeit +the goal was to develope a working positioning system, tests have been performed +mostly inside of a closed building, inside of three different rooms in the mathematics +computer pool of the University of Freiburg (German: $Mathematisches$ $Rechenzentrum$) +and once outside of the computer pool. +In the following sections the smart phones used for the test shall be introduced, +followed by the location of the tests and finally the results shall be presented. + +\begin{figure}[ht!] + \centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.38]{img/googlemapsResults.pdf} + \caption{Test rooms as well as the results delivered by the smart phones.} +\label{img:googlemapsResults} +\end{figure} + +\subsection{Smart phones tested} +The smart phone models tested within this work shall be listed here. The requirement for +a cell phone to be taken into account for testing was its classification as a smart +phone (having at least an AGPS receiver) and its availability (person's good will to +share their smart phone for the purpose of testing). The following eleven +models have satisfied the criterion and have been used to perform the tests, +as given in table \ref{tbl:smartphones}. +\begin {table}[ht] +\caption{Smart phone models used for testing in the thesis.} +\label{tbl:smartphones}\centering +%\rowcolor{2}{light-gray}{} +\scriptsize\fontfamily{iwona}\selectfont +\begin{tabular}{clccc} +\toprule +%$D$&&$P_u$&$\sigma_N$\\ +Cell phone & Manufacturer \& Country\\\toprule +$Defy$&Motorola, USA\\\midrule +$iPhone$ $4$&Apple, USA\\\midrule +$iPhone$ $3GS$&Apple, USA\\\midrule +$G1$&Google, USA\\\midrule +$Galaxy$ $S2$&Samsung, South Korea\\\midrule +$Galaxy$ $S3$&Samsung, South Korea\\\midrule +$Galaxy$ $Nexus$ $i9250$&Samsung, South Korea\\\midrule +$E71$&Nokia, Finland\\\midrule +$N95$&Nokia, Finland\\\midrule +$Desire$ $S$&HTC, Taiwan\\\midrule +$Blade$&ZTE, P.R. of China +\\\bottomrule +\end {tabular} +\end {table} +\subsection{Performed tests} +As stated in section \ref{sec:tstRes}, tests have been performed outside and inside +of the computer pool building. How the test were performed shall be discussed in this +section. + +Three different test modes were tried out, first only an RRLP request without any +assistance data, second an RRLP request with almanac, UTC model, ionospheric model and +reference location data and third an RRLP request with almanac, ephemeris, UTC model, +ionospheric model and reference location data. The stated requests have been sent in an +reverse order to see if the smart phones can actually make an usage of the assistance data. + +The first tests took on the ground-floor of the computer pool, performed in +the room near the server room, in figure \ref{img:googlemapsResults} depicted with a green dot as Test room 1. +The smart phones were horizontally lying on the table 50 cm away from the window in the first test +and in the second test vertically parallel to the windows. The smart phone position did not +make any influence on the test results. The delivered position coordinates by the smart +phones in all performed tests were in range of the green rectangle labeled with a white one. +According to Google Earth, Test room 1 has the following coordinates: latitude 48\textdegree 0'13.21"N and +longitude 7\textdegree 50'53.53"E. The results were 5-20 m away from the +original position according to Google Earth. The smart phones that provided these results +were the $iPhone$ $3GS$ and $G1$. The $iPhone$ $3GS$ sent only a response when all assistance data +(almanac, ephemeris, UTC model, ionospheric model and reference location data) have been delivered +whereas the $G1$ only when the assistance data without ephemeris data were delivered or by only sending +an RRLP request without any assistance data. It is apparent from these facts that the $iPhone$ $3GS$ +had used the assistance data to estimate its position. Interestingly, the $G1$ did not deliver any results +when the ephemeris data have been delivered to it. These findings suggest that the AGPS receiver in +$G1$ may not know how to employ the ephemeris data because it is one of the first ``real'' smart phones on the +market. Later on we shall see other smart phones that are even older than the $G1$ not employing any of the +assistance data. + +Test room 2 48\textdegree 0'13.12"N 7\textdegree 50'53.50"E + +Comparing the two results, it can be seen that + +Motorola Defy Nothing +Samsung Galaxy S2 H +Nokia E71 +Nokia N95 4810 error +iPhone 4 D,G,F +iPhone 3GS +Google phone G1 +HTC Desire S +ZTE Blade +Samsung Galaxy S3 +Samsung Galaxy Nexus i9250 \newpage \section{Criticism of performed tests} @@ -2841,9 +2932,9 @@ Perhaps the most serious weakness of the presented results is that the author had no access to the firmware of the MS while the tests have been performed. This would allow the author to see what type and how the assistance data are employed by the AGPS in the MS. If access -could be gained to the internal operation of the AGPS receiver in the MS, -every bias could be eliminated whether the AGPS receiver uses the transmitted -assistance data or it might be the case that they are from the memory. +could be gained to the internal operation of the AGPS receiver +the bias could be eliminated whether the AGPS receiver uses the transmitted +assistance data or it may be the case that they are from the memory. The whole system represents a black box where an input is delivered and an output expected. Another drawback was the lack of information of the internal hardware in the MS. This does not allow an exact comparison @@ -2864,7 +2955,7 @@ with all possible models. The tests suffer from a major drawback as real time movement of satellites, the tests could not be conducted parallely but rather in serial manner in time. In other words a satellite visible at the moment while the first test is being performed may not be visible -the second time when the test executed. GPS signal strength is a vital +the second time when the test is executed. GPS signal strength is a vital measurement information, where the signal levels are lower than a predefined acquisition sensitivity even assistance data can not always help. Antenna polarization and the position of the cell phone matter as well. diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof index 407ea33..4772cec 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof @@ -42,4 +42,5 @@ \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{72}{figure.caption.52} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{73}{figure.caption.53} \addvspace {10\p@ } +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7.1}{\ignorespaces Test rooms as well as the results delivered by the smart phones.\relax }}{76}{figure.caption.54} \addvspace {10\p@ } diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot index 8f1bd0f..4efaedc 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{74}{table.caption.51} \addvspace {10\p@ } +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {7.1}{\ignorespaces Smart phone models used for testing in the thesis.\relax }}{77}{table.caption.55} \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{89}{table.caption.59} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{90}{table.caption.60} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{91}{table.caption.61} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{92}{table.caption.62} -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522