From 6ecac08dac0469f4e29449172c3c5d5d5aa4846f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Refik Hadzialic Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2012 16:43:26 +0200 Subject: GSM Logical channels --- vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf | Bin 6913815 -> 6923184 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/.kapitel_x.tex.kate-swp | Bin 0 -> 48 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf | Bin 10756 -> 10926 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg | 26 +++++++++++- vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof | 18 ++++----- vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot | 18 +++++---- 7 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlagen/thesis/src/.kapitel_x.tex.kate-swp diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf index 2e897cc..622ea69 100644 Binary files a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf and b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/.kapitel_x.tex.kate-swp b/vorlagen/thesis/src/.kapitel_x.tex.kate-swp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d0bdff Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlagen/thesis/src/.kapitel_x.tex.kate-swp differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf index 7bd9c03..850f2d2 100644 Binary files a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf and b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg index 4a80ffd..5b57b86 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ inkscape:pageopacity="0.0" inkscape:pageshadow="2" inkscape:zoom="1.2482646" - inkscape:cx="376.72108" + inkscape:cx="281.38873" inkscape:cy="153.31155" inkscape:document-units="px" inkscape:current-layer="layer1" @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ image/svg+xml - + @@ -965,5 +965,27 @@ id="tspan4895" x="195.02097" y="316.74347">TDMA Frame = 8 Time slots [4.615ms] + for TCH + for CCH diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex index c1755ab..baebf75 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex @@ -1490,12 +1490,12 @@ was defined due to internal synchronization of the GSM network and cyphering bet \caption{Basic GSM network block diagram.} \label{img:GSMBig} \end{figure} - +\label{sec:GSMNetStruct} BTS is the first hardware unit the cell phone is communicating with over the air interface and provides a ``physical'' connection with the cell phone \citep[Chapter 3]{0890064717}. This physical connection between the BTS and the cell phone is the \textit{$U_m$ interface}, as shown in figure \ref{img:GSMBig}. A BTS can serve up -to seven users on one frequency since one out of eight time slot is used for broadcasting of signalling and system information, -known as the broadcast control channel (BCCH). By sectorizing BTSs with different frequencies the number of seven mobile users +to seven users on one frequency in full duplex mode since one out of eight time slot is used for broadcasting of signalling and system information, +transmitted in the broadcast control channel (BCCH). By sectorizing BTSs with different frequencies the number of seven mobile users can be increased. BTS consists of a RF tranceiver, internal clock and modulator/demodulator. The function of the RF transceiver is to enable the reception and transmission on the uplink and downlink channel for the cell frequency where the BTS is located\footnote{Cell is the area covered with GSM signal and from which a cell phone can communicate with a BTS.}. @@ -1546,6 +1546,59 @@ ought to be tracked if they register \citep[Chapter 4]{0890064717}. \newpage \section{Logical channels and the SDCCH channel} +In this section more details will be given on logical channels and the procedure to initialize (open) an SDCCH channel (Standalone +Dedicated Control Channel). As mentioned in section \ref{sec:GSMNetStruct}, logical channels can be divided in two groups, +traffic channels (TCH) and signalling channels (SCH). The former are employed for transfering payload data like speech and message data +and the latter for managing and synchronizing the GSM network \citep[Chapter 4]{0470030704}. +Traffic and signalling channels can be split up by their usage, as given in tables \ref{tbl:tchChannels} and \ref{tbl:cchChannels}. + +\begin {table}[hb] +\caption{Traffic channels on the Air interface} +\label{tbl:tchChannels}\centering +%\rowcolor{2}{light-gray}{} +\scriptsize\fontfamily{iwona}\selectfont +\begin{tabular}{clccc} +\toprule +%$D$&&$P_u$&$\sigma_N$\\ +Channel name & Abbreviation & Function & Direction\\\toprule +Traffic channel full rate &TCH/F & Full rate traffic transmission & MS$\leftrightarrow$BSS\\\midrule +Traffic channel half rate&TCH/H& Half rate traffic transmission & MS$\leftrightarrow$BSS +\\\bottomrule +\end {tabular} +\end {table} + +\begin {table}[hb] +\caption{Control channels on the Air interface} +\label{tbl:cchChannels}\centering +%\rowcolor{2}{light-gray}{} +\scriptsize\fontfamily{iwona}\selectfont +\begin{tabular}{clccc} +\toprule +%$D$&&$P_u$&$\sigma_N$\\ +Channel name & Abbreviation & Function & Direction\\\toprule +Frequency correction channel&FCCH &Frequency correction for oscillator on MS & MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\\midrule +Synchronization channel&SCH&Synchronization information (TDMA frame& MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\ + &&number to know current location in hyperframe)\\\midrule +Broadcast common control channel&BCCH&Broadcast information about & MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\ + &¤t BTS and its neighbouring cells\\\midrule +Access grant channel&AGCH&Required to assign the MS an SDCCH& MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\ +&&or TCH channels\\\midrule +Paging channel&PCH &Paging request is sent out when MS has& MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\ + &&incoming traffic (phone call, SMS, etc.)\\\midrule +Cell broadcast channel&CBCH&Required to broadcast a message to all& MS$\leftarrow$BSS\\ + &&MS inside of a MSC (e.q. weather forecast)\\\midrule +Standalone dedicated control channel&SDCCH&Exchange of signalling information between&MS$\leftrightarrow$BSS\\ + &&MS and BTS when no TCH is active\\\midrule +Slow associated control channel&SACCH&Transmission of signalling data during an active&MS$\leftrightarrow$BSS\\ + &&TCH connection (signal strength and sync. data)\\\midrule +Fast associated control channel&FACCH&Transmission of signalling data during an active&MS$\leftrightarrow$BSS\\ + &&connection but used only if necessary \\ + &&(e.q. handover)\\\midrule +Random access channel&RACH&Request from MS to BTS for a communication& MS$\rightarrow$BSS\\ + &&channel (e.g. a phone call from MS) +\\\bottomrule +\end {tabular} +\end {table} diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof index b3dc762..3205241 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof @@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Hierarchy of the GSM frames.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.31} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.4}{\ignorespaces Basic GSM network block diagram.\relax }}{42}{figure.caption.32} \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{48}{figure.caption.33} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{54}{figure.caption.34} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{58}{figure.caption.35} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{58}{figure.caption.36} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{64}{figure.caption.41} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{48}{figure.caption.35} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{54}{figure.caption.36} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{58}{figure.caption.37} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{58}{figure.caption.38} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{64}{figure.caption.43} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{70}{figure.caption.45} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{71}{figure.caption.47} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{72}{figure.caption.49} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{73}{figure.caption.50} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{70}{figure.caption.47} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{71}{figure.caption.49} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{72}{figure.caption.51} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{73}{figure.caption.52} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot index 77a51da..693ac6f 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot @@ -4,16 +4,18 @@ \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {table}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces GSM operating frequencies in Germany\relax }}{38}{table.caption.28} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Traffic channels on the Air interface\relax }}{45}{table.caption.33} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Control channels on the Air interface\relax }}{45}{table.caption.34} \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{59}{table.caption.37} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{60}{table.caption.38} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{61}{table.caption.39} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{61}{table.caption.40} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{65}{table.caption.42} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{59}{table.caption.39} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{60}{table.caption.40} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{61}{table.caption.41} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{61}{table.caption.42} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{65}{table.caption.44} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{74}{table.caption.48} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{74}{table.caption.50} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{87}{table.caption.56} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{88}{table.caption.57} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{87}{table.caption.58} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{88}{table.caption.59} -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522