From 774a7203207ea18b0bf91fa23eee2c2550eeb3e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Refik Hadzialic Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2012 18:19:43 +0200 Subject: GSM --- vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf | Bin 6885456 -> 6899134 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf | Bin 0 -> 10756 bytes vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg | 969 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 19 +- vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof | 21 +- vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot | 16 +- 6 files changed, 1004 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf create mode 100644 vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf index 41e727b..8130dd7 100644 Binary files a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf and b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bd9c03 Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.pdf differ diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a80ffd --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/img/GSMHierarchy.svg @@ -0,0 +1,969 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + 2045 + 2046 + 2047 + + + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + + + + + 48 + 49 + 50 + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + 23 + 24 + 25 + + + + + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + 24 + 25 + + + + + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + 49 + 50 + + + + + + 0 + 1 + 2 + + + + 3 + 4 + 5 + + + 6 + 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes [3h:28m:53s:760ms] + Superframe =51 Multiframes [6s:120ms] + Superframe =26 Multiframes [6s:120ms] + Multiframe =26 TDMA Frames [120ms] + Multiframe =51 TDMA Frames [235.38ms] + TDMA Frame = 8 Time slots [4.615ms] + + diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex index a949641..ba5fcdd 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex @@ -1447,9 +1447,8 @@ data oriented and the networks become packet networks this type of modulating da TDMA applied on the FDMA technique constrains the GSM air interface to be of 2D structure. The idea of employing TDMA on FDMA in the GSM900 band can be seen in figure \ref{img:GSMFreqTime}. Each time slot duration is $\approx$577 $\mu s$, all 8 time slots have a period of $\approx$ 4.615 $ms$ -\citep{dennis} \citep{0890064717}. Using thic technique each GSM user can send data inside of the assigned time slot -without disturbing users on different time slots. Eight time slots in GSM are called a TDMA frame. - +\citep{dennis} \citep{0890064717}. By applying this technique each GSM user can send data inside of the assigned time slot +without disturbing users on different time slots. \begin{figure}[ht!] \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.50]{img/GSMFreqTime.pdf} @@ -1457,6 +1456,20 @@ without disturbing users on different time slots. Eight time slots in GSM are ca \label{img:GSMFreqTime} \end{figure} +Eight time slots in GSM are called a TDMA frame. Each time slot +in GSM is known as a burst. Every TDMA frame is assigned a unique integer number which is then repeated and reassigned +every 3h:28m:53s:760ms, also known as \textit{hyperframe} \citep[Chapter 7]{0890064717}. In the hierarchy pyramid, +a layer lower of the hyperframe is the \textit{superframe}. There are two types of superframes, consisting of two types +of \textit{multiframes}, differing in their length \citep[Chapter 7]{0890064717}. The relations can be seen in figure +\ref{img:GSMHierarchy} with their duration periods. + +\begin{figure}[ht!] + \centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.70]{img/GSMHierarchy.pdf} + \caption{Hierarchy of the frames in GSM.} +\label{img:GSMHierarchy} +\end{figure} + \begin{figure}[ht!] \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.50]{img/GSMBig.pdf} diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof index 5bd6843..401df80 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof @@ -26,18 +26,19 @@ \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces Frequency ranges of uplink and downlink channels in the GSM900 band. Each box represents a frequency band (channel).\relax }}{39}{figure.caption.29} \contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.2}{\ignorespaces Each frequency channel is split into 8 time slots. More GSM users can be served at the ``same'' time.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.30} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Basic GSM network block diagram.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.31} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.3}{\ignorespaces Hierarchy of the frames in GSM.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.31} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3.4}{\ignorespaces Basic GSM network block diagram.\relax }}{41}{figure.caption.32} \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{42}{figure.caption.32} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{48}{figure.caption.33} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{52}{figure.caption.34} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{52}{figure.caption.35} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{58}{figure.caption.40} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{44}{figure.caption.33} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{50}{figure.caption.34} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{54}{figure.caption.35} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{54}{figure.caption.36} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{60}{figure.caption.41} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{64}{figure.caption.44} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{65}{figure.caption.46} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{66}{figure.caption.48} -\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{67}{figure.caption.49} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{66}{figure.caption.45} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{67}{figure.caption.47} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{68}{figure.caption.49} +\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{69}{figure.caption.50} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot index 78be6e4..7ff6d6f 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot @@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ \addvspace {10\p@ } \contentsline {table}{\numberline {3.1}{\ignorespaces GSM operating frequencies in Germany\relax }}{38}{table.caption.28} \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{53}{table.caption.36} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{54}{table.caption.37} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{55}{table.caption.38} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{55}{table.caption.39} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{59}{table.caption.41} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{55}{table.caption.37} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{56}{table.caption.38} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{57}{table.caption.39} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{57}{table.caption.40} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{61}{table.caption.42} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{68}{table.caption.47} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{70}{table.caption.48} \addvspace {10\p@ } \addvspace {10\p@ } -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{81}{table.caption.55} -\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{82}{table.caption.56} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{83}{table.caption.56} +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{84}{table.caption.57} -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522