From 380d11be5bb0ac88b8b1bf859a5fcd769b6f5a5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Refik Hadzialic
Date: Thu, 5 Apr 2012 19:27:04 +0200
Subject: hardware

---
 vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

(limited to 'vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex')

diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
index 3811d08..c0c3816 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ GPS receiver will be given. Additionally the mobile stations used for
 testing of the system will be reviewed. Finally, a hardware connection diagram
 will be given.
  
-\section{GSM hardware - nanoBTS}
+\section{GSM BTS - nanoBTS}
 In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in deployment of
 private cellular networks in remote areas or for research which lead to
 the devolopment of diverse ``low-cost'' GSM hardware solutions. According to 
@@ -57,12 +57,9 @@ nanoBTS in author's thesis works in the 1800 MHz frequency range,
 for which the University of Freiburg had obtained a licence from the
 Federal Network Agency (German: $Bundesnetzagentur$). The transmission frequencies
 range between 1805-1880 MHz, with 200 KHz channel spacing and maximal output power
-of +13 dBm ($\approx$20 mW), whereas the receiving frequencies
+of +13 dBm ($\approx$20 mW)\todo{Check the output powere 20 dBm}, whereas the receiving frequencies
 lie in the range between 1710-1785 MHz and same channel spacing as for transmission
-of 200 KHz \citep{nanoGSM2007brochure}. 
-The key limitation of gathering more technical data lies in
-the fact that nanoBTS is not an open source hardware platform however, the given
-technical data are sufficient for reproducing and conducting the RRLP tests. 
+of 200 KHz \citep{nanoGSM2007brochure}. \todo{Add the Abis over IP protocol}
 
 \begin{figure}[ht!]
   \centering
@@ -77,7 +74,7 @@ reception (RX) of radio waves were used to extend the coverage area. These
 antennas are connected via the SMA connectors. By using an RF amplifier
 and larger antennas, for these frequency ranges, the covered area with the GSM signal
 reception can be increased. For the gain estimation and radiation angle of the used antennas
-the measurement equipment was missing and therefore was not conducted in this work.
+the measurement equipment was missing and therefore was not conducted in this work.\todo{Check for what NWL is}
 
 At the bottom of the nanoBTS there are 5 ports, as seen in Figure \ref{img:nanoBTSPorts}.
 The ports from left to right are: voltage supply, ethernet cable with power supply, USB
@@ -104,14 +101,65 @@ for Timing Interface Bus}. These two ports are used if the GSM network operator
 than 11 channels to increase the overall capacity of the network. 
 ``Up to 4 nanoBTS can be combined into a multiple TRX cell, increasing the number of 
 supported users per TRX by up to 200\%. The TIB-OUT from the Master TRX must be connected to
-the TIB-IN of the slave TRX. This in turn has its TIB-OUT connected to the next TRX in the chain.''
+the TIB-IN of the slave TRX. This in turn has its TIB-OUT connected to the next TRX in the chain''
 \citep{multipleTRX}. The multiple TRX cell configuration will not be further discussed in this work
-since the purpose of the work was not to boost the capacity of a GSM network.
+since the purpose of the work was not to boost the capacity of a GSM network but implementation 
+and testing of the RRLP protocol.
+
+To determine the working state of the nanoBTS, an indicator status LED is located on the
+left side of the five ports region. After the nanoBTS is connected to the power suplly
+with the ethernet cable, it will change its color and blink speed according to the state
+it is in. The states can be seen in the Table given in \ref{tbl:LEDStatus} \citep{installnanoBTS}.
+
+One of the key limitations of gathering more technical data and the critical aspect of this
+description lies in the fact, that nanoBTS is not an open source hardware platform and ip.access does not 
+offer more details on their product. The lack of systematic hardware analysis can be seen as 
+a major drawback of working with the nanoBTS hardware. However, the given technical data 
+are sufficient for reproducing and conducting the RRLP tests described in this thesis. 
+
+
+\begin{table}[h!t!p!]
+\begin{center}
+\caption{Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS}
+
+\begin{tabular}{|c||p{3cm}|p{5cm}|c|c|}
+\hline
+% \T and \B would not work if it is placed here (needs to go inside cell)
+ State&Color \& Pattern&When&Precedence \\ \hline\hline
+ Self-test failure&Red - Steady&In boot or application code when a power on self-test fails&1 (High) \\ \hline
+ Unspecified failure&Red - Steady &On software fatal errors&2 \\ \hline
+ No ethernet&Orange - Slow flash &Ethernet disconnected&3 \\ \hline
+ Factory reset&Red - Fast blink &Dongle detected at start up and the factory defaults have been applied&4 \\ \hline
+ Not configured&Alternating Red/Green - Fast flash &The unit has not been configured&5 \\ \hline
+ Downloading code&Orange - Fast flash &Code download procedure is in progress&6 \\ \hline
+ Establishing XML&Orange - Slow blink &A management link has not yet been established but is needed for the TRX to become operational. Specifically: for a master a Primary OML or Secondary OML is not yet established; for a slave an IML to its master or a Secondary OML is not yet established.&7 \\ \hline
+ Self-test &Orange - Steady & From power on until end of backhaul powe on self-test&8 \\ \hline
+ NWL-test &Green - Fast flash & OML established, NWL test in progress&9 \\ \hline
+ OCXO Calibration &Alternating Green/Orange - Slow blink & The unit is in the fast calibrating state [SYNC]&10 \\ \hline
+ Not transmitting &Green - Slow flash & The radio carrier is not being transmitted &11 \\ \hline
+ Operational &Green - Steady & Default condition if none of the above apply&12 (Low) \\ \hline
+ 
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+\label{tbl:LEDStatus} 
+\end{table}
 
 
 
-\section{GPS Device}
+\section{GPS Receiver - NL-402U}
 \label{sec:gpsDevice}
+In the next paragraphs the used GPS device will be described. 
+In contrast to the earlier described nanoBTS, which the University of Freiburg
+already owned, the budget for the GPS receiver was limited. The Navilock NL-402U
+GPS receiver is based on the u-blox UBX-G5000 single chipset. 
+
+
+\begin{figure}[ht!]
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[scale=0.12]{img/gpsNavlock.jpg}
+  \caption[]{Navilock }
+\label{img:gpsNavilock}
+\end{figure}
 
 \section{Hardware configuration}
 \label{sec:hardwareConfig}
@@ -123,6 +171,7 @@ since the purpose of the work was not to boost the capacity of a GSM network.
 \item \emph{ARFCN} - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number - The channel number specifies the physical frequency channel used for transmission and reception of radio waves inside of an BTS covered area.
 \item \emph{BTS} - Base Transceiver Station - 
 \item \emph{DC} - Direct Current
+\item \emph{LED} - Light Emitting Diode - A diode that emitts light.
 \item \emph{PCB} - Printed Circuit Board - The board where electronic components are soldered onto and wired through conductive tracks.
 \item \emph{RRLP} - Radio Resource Location Protocol - The employed protocol in GSM, UMTS and other wireless networks for providing and exchange of geolocation information. 
 \item \emph{SMA} - SubMiniature version A - SMA is a connector used for interconnecting coaxial cables or PCB electronics that work in the frequency range between 0-18 GHz.
-- 
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