From 50b0230fcd39b42e23c209ca0ab97e2a96e5c298 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Refik Hadzialic
Date: Tue, 10 Jul 2012 14:12:48 +0200
Subject: Chapter 2 finished!

---
 vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

(limited to 'vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex')

diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
index 96bdc5c..b99e64c 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
@@ -1,8 +1,41 @@
-\setchapterpreamble[u]{%
-  \dictum[Stobaeus] {What use is knowledge if there is no understanding?}
-}
-\chapter{Introduction to GSM and GPS}
+\chapter{Introduction}
 \section{Motivation}
+Recent developments in the field of physics, chemistry and electronics 
+have led to cheap and compact size 
+manufacturing of diverse single chip integrated solutions. As a consequence of the
+rapid development it became possible to integrate a GPS receiver into almost every cell
+phone without dramatically and drastically increasing the price, physical size or weight of 
+the cell phone. It is important to note, the number of wireless connections increased as well,
+in 2011 there were 
+6 billion mobile connections worldwide \citep{gsmConnection}. In the following European
+countries, Germany, France, Spain, Italy and UK, 44\% of all GSM users own a smart phone,
+whereas in the US and Canada this number is slightly higher, 46\% \citep{smartPhoneUsage}. By the
+statistics of the Blur group 47\% of all the cell phones on the world will be smart phones 
+by 2015 \citep{smartPhone2015}. 
+
+An emerging new market of location based services (LBS) has grown out of it and since then
+changes the telecommunication and marketing industry with fast pace. In 2009, 63 million users 
+used some of the LBS on their cell phones, this number is expected to grow in 2012 to 
+468 million users worldwide \citep{smartPhone2015}. As social networks grow like Facebook,
+Twitter or Foursquare (a location based social network), it has become a trend 
+for the users to share their location with their friends \citep{smartPhone2015}. 
+It has been reported that LBS represent a Bonanza opportunity for new startup 
+companies \citep{Bonanza}. New ideas and algorithms for tracking,
+navigation solutions, safety, security, local business search and payments will emerge
+from it as well as the new market that will emerge from the results of data mining 
+user's movement \citep{Bonanza}. The Enhanced 911 (E911), an emergency service in the US for linking
+emergency callers with appropriate public service (police, firefighters and emergency room),
+regulated with the US Federal Communication Commission (FCC) a standard for all telecommunication 
+providers to have capabilities of localizing their users within a defined range \citep{novine}.
+Similar standards exist for Europe's E112 service as well \citep{0849333490}. Next generation 
+networks, long term evolution (LTE) 4G networks, have been designed to have LBS capability integrated
+in the system and better LBS accuracy than compared to GSM networks \citep{lteLocation}.
+In the introductory chapter, some of the most known positioning techniques in 
+wireless networks will be discussed and analysed, Cell-ID, time of arival, angle of
+arival and GPS positioning. Then the author will proceed and describe the goals of his thesis. 
+
+\section{Related work}
+fit into small devices as smart \citep{Zeimpekis}
 \section{Goals of the thesis}
 The goal of the following thesis is to:
 - implement the Radio Resource Location Protocol inside of OpenBSC, to the extent of 
@@ -10,7 +43,22 @@ delivering correct GPS assistance data to cell phone subscribers
 inside the GSM network
 - test the protocol on 5-10 different smart phones
 - describe and analyse the background processes taking place inside of the cell phone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\setchapterpreamble[u]{%
+  \dictum[Stobaeus] {What use is knowledge if there is no understanding?}
+}
 \chapter{GPS \& Assisted-GPS}
+\begin{figure}[ht!]
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[scale=0.38]{img/satelliteRanges.pdf}
+  \caption[]{GPS Simple working principle, a) example in 3D space with spheres b) example in 2D space with circles.}
+\label{img:GPSSimplePrinciple}
+\end{figure}
 In the new global economy age, GPS positioning has become of important value for various services
 and businesses. It has been growing at a rate of 30\% in the past few years and the application
 market is expected to be worth \euro 240 milliard by 2020 only in Europe \citep{gpsMoney}.
@@ -20,13 +68,6 @@ demodulated on the receiver, how the search space works, how the target user pos
 the errors that can influence the overall working of the system.
 
 
-\begin{figure}[ht!]
-  \centering
-  \includegraphics[scale=0.38]{img/satelliteRanges.pdf}
-  \caption[]{GPS Simple working principle, a) example in 3D space with spheres b) example in 2D space with circles.}
-\label{img:GPSSimplePrinciple}
-\end{figure}
-
 
 In this paragraph the general idea will be given how GPS works and how the position is estimated.
 Before all the details are revealed in the following sections,
@@ -50,7 +91,8 @@ By intersecting all the three spheres, the position of the user is estimated.
 In the next sections this general idea will be developed in more details,
 step by step, and the ideas will be verified using the appropriate mathematical
 models. 
-\newpage
+
+\clearpage
 \section{GPS data and signal modulation}
 \label{sec:gpsDataAndSignal}
 The aim of this section is to give the reader an overview of the transmitted GPS data and
@@ -134,6 +176,7 @@ and are affected by various sources of noise. BPSK modulation is mostly used for
 because of its simplicity and immunity to noise and signal intereference for the price of
 transfering data at low speed rates \citep[Chapter 1]{9780849316579}. The demodulation process
 of L1 will be discussed and analysed seperately in section \ref{sec:Carrierdemod}.
+
 \begin{figure}[ht!]
   \centering
   \includegraphics[scale=0.50]{img/BPSKModulation.pdf}
@@ -443,8 +486,6 @@ in figure \ref{img:multCAPhase}.
 \end{figure}
 
 
-
-
 \newpage
 \subsection{C/A wave demodulation}
 \label{sec:CAdemod}
@@ -471,7 +512,7 @@ section \ref{sec:Carrierdemod}.
 \end{figure}
 For the particular example, the matching phase shift was achieved with
 the second replica PRN code, with a phase shift of $\tau=0$ but
-there could be a case with any other value of $\tau$, $\tau\in[0,1023]$.
+there could be a case with any other value of $\tau$, $\tau\in[0,1022]$.
 Implementation of the PRN code synthesizer depends on the GPS receiver
 manufacturer but it is usually implemented as a linear feedback shift
 registers (LFSR) that produces an output according to a predefined function $f(\tau)$. 
@@ -523,7 +564,7 @@ in the auto-correlation function \citep[Chapter 4]{understandGPS}.
 
 \begin{equation}
 \label{eq:autocorrelationProperty}
-R_{i}(t) = \frac{1}{1023\cdot T_{C/A}} \int_{t=0}^{1023} G_{i}(t)G_{i}(t+\tau)d\tau
+R_{i}(t) = \frac{1}{1023\cdot T_{C/A}} \int_{t=0}^{1022} G_{i}(t)G_{i}(t+\tau)d\tau
 \end{equation}
 Another correlation property of the PRN codes is used,
 the fact that in the ideal case the cross-correlation of two
@@ -1042,6 +1083,12 @@ some do not require the exact time component and navigation data to be present i
 \section{Error estimation}
 
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
 \chapter{Radio Resource Location Protocol}
 
 \chapter {Working}
-- 
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