From 8d47d5b10b18285c7f8915a5af3befce34b08d18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Refik Hadzialic Date: Tue, 3 Apr 2012 21:47:38 +0200 Subject: harware --- vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex') diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex index 0a166b0..d2f01b6 100644 --- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex +++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex @@ -30,23 +30,38 @@ functional GSM network with GPS localization capabilities. Firstly the nanoBTS will be introduced since it is the main hardware component used for building a basic GSM network infrastructure. Then a short insight into the used GPS receiver will be given. Additionally the mobile stations used for -testing of the system will be reviewed. Finally a hardware connection diagram +testing of the system will be reviewed. Finally, a hardware connection diagram will be given. \section{GSM hardware - nanoBTS} In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in deployment of private cellular networks for research or in remote areas which lead to the devolopment of diverse ``low-cost'' GSM hardware solutions. According to -ip.access, the manufacturer of nanoBTS \citep{nanoGSM2007brochure}, it is the -most deployed BTS hardware used for coverage of ``hard-to-reach places, -in-buildings, remote areas, marine and aviation; public spaces''. +ip.access\footnote{http://www.ipaccess.com}, the manufacturer of nanoBTS, it is the +most deployed BTS hardware used for coverage of ``hard-to-reach places; +in-buildings; remote areas; marine and aviation; and public spaces''. A nanoBTS with its plastic cover can be seen in Figure \ref{img:nanoBTS}. Our University GSM network consists of three nanoBTS stations. The deployed nanoBTS in author's thesis works in the 1800 MHz frequency range, for which the University of Freiburg had obtained a licence from the -Federal Network Agency. The key limitation of gathering more technical data was -the fact that nanoBTS is not an open source hardware however, the given -technical data were sufficient for conducting the RRLP work. +Federal Network Agency (German: $Bundesnetzagentur$). The transmission frequencies +range between 1805-1880 MHz, with 200 KHz channel spacing and maximal output power +of +13 dBm ($\approx$20 mW), whereas the receiving frequencies +lie in the range between 1710-1785 MHz and same channel spacing of 200 +KHz \citep{nanoGSM2007brochure}. +The key limitation of gathering more technical data lies in +the fact that nanoBTS is not an open source hardware product however, the given +technical data are sufficient for reproducing and conducting the RRLP tests. + +Author's test system operated on the ARFCN 877 channel. ARFCN (Absolute Radio +Frequency Channel Number) defines the uplink and downlink channel frequency insdide +the GSM network \citep{Richard2011Master}. ARFCN 877 corresponds to the uplink frequency +of 1,783.2 MHz and a downlink frequency of 1,878.2 MHz, where the uplink direction +represents the direction from the nanoBTS to the mobile stations and downlink vice versa. + +The decision to use the ARFCN 877 +channel was derived from the fact that the channel was free, measurements were +carried out with a spectrum analyzer built on the USRP hardware. \begin{figure}[ht!] \label{img:nanoBTS} @@ -59,6 +74,7 @@ technical data were sufficient for conducting the RRLP work. \chapter*{Dictionary of acronyms} \begin{itemize} +\item \emph{ARFCN} - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number - The channel number specifies the physical frequency channel used for transmission and reception inside of an BTS covered area. \item \emph{BTS} - Base Transceiver Station - \item \emph{RRLP} - Radio Resource Location Protocol - The employed protocol in GSM, UMTS and other wireless networks for providing and exchange of geolocation information. \item \emph{UMTS} - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Third generation mobile network based on the GSM standards. -- cgit v1.2.3-55-g7522