.\" Copyright 2006-2008 Roy Marples .\" All rights reserved .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd Feb 20, 2008 .Dt DHCPCD 8 SMM .Sh NAME .Nm dhcpcd .Nd an RFC 2131 compliant DHCP client .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl dknpAEGHMLNRSTY .Op Fl c , -script Ar script .Op Fl h , -hostname Ar hostname .Op Fl i , -classid Ar classid .Op Fl l , -leasetime Ar seconds .Op Fl m , -metric Ar metric .Op Fl r , -request Ar address .Op Fl t , -timeout Ar seconds .Op Fl u , -userclass Ar class .Op Fl F , -fqdn Ar FQDN .Op Fl I , -clientid Ar clientid .Ar interface .Nm .Fl k , -release .Ar interface .Nm .Fl x , -exit .Ar interface .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm is an implementation of the DHCP client specified in .Rs .%T "RFC 2131" .Re .Nm gets the host information .Po IP address, routes, etc .Pc from a DHCP server and configures the network .Ar interface of the machine on which it is running. .Nm will then write DNS information to .Xr resolvconf 8 , if available, otherwise directly to .Pa /etc/resolv.conf . .Nm will also configure .Pa /etc/yp.conf and .Pa /etc/ntpd.conf with NIS and NTP information if the DHCP server provided them. If those file contents changed, then .Nm will also attempt to restart the respective services to notify them of the change. If the hostname is currenly blank, (null) or localhost then .Nm will set the hostname to the one supplied by the DHCP server, or look it up in DNS if none supplied. .Nm then daemonises and waits for the lease renewal time to lapse. Then it attempts to renew its lease and reconfigure if the new lease changes. .Ss Local Link configuration If .Nm failed to obtain a lease, it will probe for a valid IPv4LL address .Po aka Zeroconf, aka APIPA .Pc . Once obtained it will probe every 10 seconds for a DHCP server to get a proper address. .Pp Even when .Nm obtains a proper lease, it will still add a Local Link route .Po 165.254.0.0/16 .Pc so that the host can communicate with clients using these addresses. .Pp When using IPv4LL, .Nm will always succeed and return a 0 exit code. To disable this behaviour, you can use the .Fl L , -noipv4ll option. .Ss Hooking into DHCP events .Nm will run @PREFIX@/etc/dhcpcd.sh, or the script specified by the .Fl c , -script option. It will set $1 to a shell compatible file that holds various configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server and $2 to either up, down or new depending on the state of .Nm . .Nm ignores the exist code of the script. .Ss Fine tuning You can fine tune the behaviour of .Nm with the following options :- .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl d , -debug Echo debug and informational messages to the console. Subsequent debug options stop .Nm from daemonising. .It Fl h , -hostname Ar hostname By default, .Nm will send the current hostname to the DHCP server so it can register in DNS. You can use this option to specify the .Ar hostname sent, or an empty string to stop any .Ar hostname from being sent. .It Fl i , -classid Ar classid Override the DHCP vendor .Ar classid field we send. The default is dhcpcd-. .It Fl k , -release This causes an existing .Nm process running on the .Ar interface to release it's lease, deconfigure the .Ar interface and then exit. .It Fl l , -leasetime Ar seconds Request a specific lease time in .Ar seconds . By default .Nm does not request any lease time and leaves the it in the hands of the DHCP server. .It Fl m , -metric Ar metric Added routes will use the .Ar metric on systems where this is supported .Po presently only Linux .Pc . Route metrics allow the addition of routes to the same destination across different interfaces, the lower the metric the more it is preferred. .It Fl n , -renew Notifies an existing .Nm process running on the .Ar interface to renew it's lease. If .Nm is not running, then it starts up as normal. .It Fl p , -persistent .Nm normally deconfigures the .Ar interface and configuration when it exits. Sometimes, this isn't desirable if for example you have root mounted over NFS. You can use this option to stop this from happening. .It Fl r , -request Op Ar address .Nm normally sends a DHCP Broadcast to find servers to offer an address. .Nm will then request the address used. You can use this option to skip the broadcast step and just request an .Ar address . The downside is if you request an .Ar address the DHCP server does not know about or the DHCP server is not authorative, it will remain silent. In this situation, we go back to the init state and broadcast again. If no .Ar address is given then we use the first address currently assigned to the .Ar interface . .It Fl s , -inform Op Ar address Op / Ar cidr Behaves exactly like .Fl r , -request as above, but sends a DHCP inform instead of a request. This requires the interface to be configured first. This does not get a lease as such, just notifies the DHCP server of the .Ar address we are using. .It Fl t , -timeout Ar seconds Timeout after .Ar seconds , instead of the default 20. A setting of 0 .Ar seconds causes .Nm to wait forever to get a lease. .It Fl u , -userclass Ar class Tags the DHCP message with the userclass .Ar class . DHCP servers use this give memebers of the class DHCP options other than the default, without having to know things like hardware address or hostname. .If Fl F , -fqdn Ar fqdn Requests that the DHCP server updates DNS using FQDN instead of just a hostname. Valid values for .Ar fqdn are none, ptr and both. .Nm dhcpcd itself never does any DNS updates. .It Fl H , --sethostname Forces .Nm to set the hostname as supplied by the DHCP server. Because some OS's and users prefer to have just the hostname, or the full FQDN more .Fl H , --sethostname options change the behaviour. Below is the list of possible combinations:- .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl H set the hostname to the full FQDN. .It Fl HH strip the domain if it matches the dns domain. .It Fl HHH strip the domain regardless. .It Fl HHHH same as .Fl H but force hostname lookup via DNS. .It Fl HHHHH same as above, but strip the domain if it matches the dns domain. .It Fl HHHHHH same as above, but strip the domain regardless. .El .It Fl I , -clientid Ar clientid Send .Ar clientid as a client identifier string. If .Ar clientid matches a hardware address format, such as 01:00:01:02:03:04:05 then we encode it as that, otherwise as a string. You need to specify the hardware type in the first byte. Ethernet is 01, and the hardware address in the example is 00:01:02:03:04:05. If the .Ar clientid is a blank string, then we disable DUID support and use a .Ar clientid as shown above. .It Fl S, -mscsr Microsoft have their own code for Classless Static Routes .Po RFC 3442 .Pc . You can use this option to request this as well as the normal CSR. Another instace of this option only requests the Microsoft CSR to prevent DHCP message over-running its maximum size. DHCP server administrators should update their CSR code from the Microsoft specific one to the RFC compliant one as the content is fully compatible. .El .Ss Restriciting behaviour .Nm will try to do as much as it can by default. However, there are sometimes situations where you don't want the things to be configured exactly how the the DHCP server wants. Here are some option that deal with turning these bits off. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl A , -noarp Don't request or claim the address by ARP. .It Fl G , -nogateway Don't set any default routes. .It Fl L , -noipv4ll Don't use IPv4LL at all. .It Fl M , -nomtu Don't set the MTU of the .Ar interface . .It Fl N , -nontp Don't touch .Pa /etc/ntpd.conf or restart the ntp service. .It Fl R , -nodns Don't send DNS information to resolvconf or touch .Pa /etc/resolv.conf . .It Fl T , -test On receipt of discover messages, simply print the contents of the DHCP message to the console. .Nm will not configure the .Ar interface , touch any files or restart any services. .It Fl Y , -nonis Don't touch .Pa /etc/yp.conf or restart the ypbind service. .El .Sh NOTES Because .Nm supports InfiniBand, we put a Node-specific Client Identifier in the ClientID field. This is required by RFC 4390. It's also required for DHCP IPv6 which .Nm should support one day. However, some DHCP servers have no idea what this is and reject the message as they do not understand type 255. This is not conformant with RFC 2132 and the server should be fixed. Also, some DHCP server configurations require an ethernet hardware address of 6 hexacdecimal numbers in the ClientID which is the default behaviour of most other DHCP clients. If your DHCP server is as desribed above, you should fix the server, or if that is not an option you can compile DUID support out of .Nm or use the .Fl I , -clientid Ar clientid option and set .Ar clientid to ''. .Pp ISC dhcpd, dnsmasq, udhcpd and Microsoft DHCP server 2003 default configurations work just fine with the default .Nm configuration. .Pp .Nm requires a Berkley Packet Filter, or BPF device on BSD based systems and a Linux Socket Filter, or LPF device on Linux based systems. .Sh FILES .Bl -ohang .It Pa @PREFIX@/etc/dhcpcd.sh Bourne shell script that is run when we configure or deconfigure an interface. .It Pa @INFODIR@/dhcpcd.duid Text file that holds the DUID used to identify the host. .It Pa @INFODIR@/dhcpcd- Ns Ar interface Ns .info Bourne shell file that holds the DHCP values used in configuring the interface. This path is passed as the first argument to .Pa @PREFIX@/etc/dhcpcd.sh . .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr ntp 1 , .Xr resolv.conf 5 , .Xr resolvconf 8 , .Xr yp.conf 5 , .Xr ypbind 8 .Sh STANDARDS RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 2855, RFC 3004, RFC 3361, RFC 3397, RFC 3442, RFC 3927, RFC 4361, RFC 4390, RFC 4702. .Sh AUTHORS .An "Roy Marples" Aq roy@marples.name .Sh BUGS Please report them to http://bugs.marples.name