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\select@language {english}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Motivation}{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Structure}{2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Disclaimer}{2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}On Typesetting}{3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}GSM}{5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}A Historical Perspective}{5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}The GSM Network}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Mobile Station}{8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Network Subsystem}{11}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mobile Switching Center}{11}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Home Location Register}{12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Visitor Location Register}{13}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Authentication Center}{14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Base Station Subsystem}{15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Frequencies and the Cellular Principle}{15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Base Transceiver Station}{17}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Base Station Controller}{18}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}The $U_m$ Interface}{20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Radio Transmission}{20}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Frame Numbering}{21}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Burst Types}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Logical Channels}{24}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Dedicated Channels}{24}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Common Channels}{25}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Combinations}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Layers}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Physical Layer (Layer 1):}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Data Link (Layer 2):}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Network (Layer 3):}{27}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}IMSI-Catcher}{27}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.1}Mode of Operation}{28}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Attacks}{30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{MS is in normal cell selection mode:}{30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{MS is already connected to a network:}{30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Risks and Irregularities}{31}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4.2}Law Situation in Germany}{31}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}IMSI Catcher Detection System}{33}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Framework and Hardware}{33}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}OsmocomBB}{33}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Project Status}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Motorola C123}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}OsmocomBB and ICDS}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Procedure}{37}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Information Gathering}{38}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Information Evaluation}{41}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Configuration Rules}{42}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Context Rules}{43}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Neighbourhood Structure}{44}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Database Rules}{46}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Scan Rules}{47}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Remaining Issues and Paging}{48}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Base Station Evaluation}{49}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Implementation}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Architecture}{49}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Configuration}{51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Graphical User Interface}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.4}Usage}{54}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conducting sweep scans:}{56}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Using and obtaining Cell ID Information:}{56}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Building or using a Local Area Database:}{56}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conducting a PCH Scan:}{57}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Utilising User Mode:}{57}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Related Projects}{58}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Evaluation}{61}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Performance Evaluation}{61}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Scan Duration}{62}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Cell ID Databases}{63}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}PCH Scans}{63}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}IMSI Catcher Detection}{64}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Open Source IMSI Catcher}{64}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Nokia 3310}{66}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Rule Evaluation}{67}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Long Term Test}{68}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Attack Scenarios}{69}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{IMSI Catcher as a new Cell}{70}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{IMSI Catcher replacing an old Cell}{70}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusion}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Summary}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Future Work}{75}
\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{77}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}GSM}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Interfaces}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Channel Combinations}{82}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}OsmocomBB}{83}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Installation}{83}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Usage}{84}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.3}Serial Cable Schematics}{85}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}IMSI Catcher Detection System}{87}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.1}Extextions}{87}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.2}Example Configuration}{89}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {D}System Information}{93}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {E}Evaluation Data}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.1}Rx and LAC Change Test}{99}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {E.2}Long Term Test}{99}
\contentsline {chapter}{Acronyms}{101}