summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorRefik Hadzialic2012-08-08 18:06:50 +0200
committerRefik Hadzialic2012-08-08 18:06:50 +0200
commit7db0eea69850a690dd86a6c3cc86071d3237ae99 (patch)
treeb80c604a68f31d358c58bc7e72cc589c4c8bc400
parentImplement (diff)
downloadmalign-7db0eea69850a690dd86a6c3cc86071d3237ae99.tar.gz
malign-7db0eea69850a690dd86a6c3cc86071d3237ae99.tar.xz
malign-7db0eea69850a690dd86a6c3cc86071d3237ae99.zip
GSM
-rw-r--r--vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdfbin6229224 -> 6232650 bytes
-rw-r--r--vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex28
-rw-r--r--vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof72
-rw-r--r--vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot18
-rw-r--r--vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.tex4
5 files changed, 68 insertions, 54 deletions
diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf
index 38dd155..d0bf923 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/maindoc.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
index 8c7938e..aaf104e 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/kapitel_x.tex
@@ -1357,6 +1357,16 @@ be present in the assistance data \citep{998892}.
\chapter{GSM}
+The past two decades have seen the rapid development of wireless communication technologies,
+one of the most rapidly developing fields of engineering.
+
+
+
+
+\section{Development}
+\section{Overview}
+\section{SDCCH Channel}
+
\chapter{Radio Resource Location Protocol}
This chapter shall focus on the Radio Resource Location Protocol (RRLP) and a description
how it works inside of the GSM network shall be given. RRLP is a protocol from the family of Location Services (LCS)
@@ -1384,7 +1394,7 @@ and it is located on the Base Station Controller (BSC) \citep{3GPPTS03.71}.
SMLC controls the LMU's as well but since in this work no LMU were available this part
shall be skipped as well as the description of E-OTD and UL-TDOA localization.
-Before an attempt is made, of requesting the SMLC to initialize an RRLP request, an SDDCH connection
+Before an attempt is made, of requesting the SMLC to initialize an RRLP request, an SDCCH connection
channel has to be initialized to the MS, this connection can not be seen by the MS user\footnote{However,
it is possible to take into consideration that something is going on the cell phone if the MSs battery
is drained faster because an active RF connection drains the battery faster than a passive MS
@@ -1618,7 +1628,7 @@ the position measurement time and how many measurements the MS ought to report b
Since in this thesis the author exploits the AGPS method, GPS is choosen for \textbf{PositionMethod}.
\textbf{MeasureResponseTime} is a three bit integer value that corresponds to the time the MS is allowed
to perform the position estimation and to send a respose back to SMLC. Otherwise, if it takes longer the MS
-than the specified time period, it shall disconnect the SDDCH channel without responding back.
+than the specified time period, it shall disconnect the SDCCH channel without responding back.
It can be calculated using the equation
given in \eqref{eq:responseTime}, where $N$ is the number of seconds the MS is allowed to perform the
position estimation.
@@ -1635,7 +1645,7 @@ shall be included in the current RRLP packet. This becomes more understandable b
After the concationation it can be converted to the
desired notation system (binary, hexadecimal, etc.). In this particular example the RRLP request to be sent
using the RRLP protocol in hexadecimal notation is: \textbf{400178F8}. This message is transmitted to the MS
-via the opened SDDCH channel. However, before sending this request the assistance data can be sent. In the
+via the opened SDCCH channel. However, before sending this request the assistance data can be sent. In the
folowing section \ref{sec:rrlpassistance} more details of how assistance data are sent shall be presented.
\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
@@ -2322,9 +2332,13 @@ The aim of this chapter is to give the reader a review of the software implement
The implementation can be divided into two sections. One section of the implementation is responsible
for generating the RRLP assistance data and the other section is modification of the existing
open source GSM software (OpenBSC) and implementing the transfering of assistance data to the cell
-phone and to obtain the response. In this work two programming languages have been employed, C and C++
-whereas basic knowledge of Erlang was required to understand an implementation of the RRLP assistance
-data generation.
+phone and to obtain the response back. In this work two programming languages have been employed, C and C++
+whereas basic knowledge of Erlang was required to understand an implementation of a similar RRLP assistance
+data generation. The Erlang implementation by Kurtis Heimerl was used as a guide while the author
+developed a C++ version since at the time of testing it was not a working implementation of the RRLP
+protocol\footnote{Kurtis Heimerl's
+code can be found on \url{https://github.com/ttsou/RRLP}}! More details shall be given in the following
+sections. OpenBSC is an open source implementation of
-from rinex conversion\\
explain rinex form \\
@@ -2500,7 +2514,7 @@ than 100 m \citep{installnanoBTS}.
\label{img:connectionDiagram}
\end{figure}
-\chapter{Testing}
+\chapter{Results}
Test if it can be tricked out by the software Dennis mentioned (protect my privacy)!
\chapter{Summary}
diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof
index d18a8ce..5b3d105 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lof
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
\select@language {english}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces Cell-ID position estimation technique where a mobile user can be connected to only one BTS.\relax }}{4}{figure.caption.7}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.2}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the RSS estimation technique. One rectangle location is represented by two RSS measurements for two BTS, blue is BTS1 and red is BTS2.\relax }}{5}{figure.caption.8}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.3}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the E-OTD positioning technique. Current time information are transmitted from 3 different BTS's at the same time.Then the MS observes the difference of time when the information arrive and using trilateration technique calculates the relative position of the MS.\relax }}{6}{figure.caption.9}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.4}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the Angle of Arrival positioning technique. The angle of the reception signal on the BTS antenna is measured. By knowing at least two angles on two BTS's, it is possible to interpolate the intersection point where the MS is located.\relax }}{8}{figure.caption.10}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.5}{\ignorespaces Wireless Access Point tagging. The MS could be located anywhere where all three access points are visible, this area has a wavy background and is between access points 1, 2 and 4.\relax }}{9}{figure.caption.11}
-\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces GPS Simple working principle, a) example in 3D space with spheres b) example in 2D space with circles.\relax }}{13}{figure.caption.13}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces One frame of 1500 bits on L1 frequency carrier\relax }}{15}{figure.caption.14}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Subframes always start with telemetry and handover words\relax }}{16}{figure.caption.15}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces BPSK Modulation - First signal is the carrier wave, and it is multiplied (mixed) with the second signal, which are the data to be transmitted. The resulting signal at the output of the satellite antenna is the third one.\relax }}{17}{figure.caption.16}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.5}{\ignorespaces Modulation of the GPS signal L1\relax }}{18}{figure.caption.17}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces Two equivalent carrier waves with the same frequency but different phase shift\relax }}{21}{figure.caption.18}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.7}{\ignorespaces Demodulation of the L1 GPS signal\relax }}{21}{figure.caption.19}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.8}{\ignorespaces Effects of the low frequency term on the demodulated output C/A wave on the GPS receiver (the explanations and figures are from top to bottom). If the synthesized frequency is correct, $f_{1}=f_{2}$, the low frequency term becomes a DC term and does not modify the output $d_{C/A}$ wave (first figure). If the frequency matches but the phase not, in this case the phase is shifted for $\pi $, then $d_{C/A}$ is inverted (second figure). If the phase shifts with time, then the amplitude and phase of $d_{C/A}$ shall vary as well (third figure).\relax }}{23}{figure.caption.20}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.9}{\ignorespaces Comparison between the original C/A code generated on the GPS satellite with two synthesized PRN codes with a different phase shift on the receiver.\relax }}{24}{figure.caption.21}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.10}{\ignorespaces Cross-correlation on three different signals\relax }}{25}{figure.caption.22}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.11}{\ignorespaces Segment of the frequency/code delay search space for a single GPS satellite\relax }}{27}{figure.caption.23}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.12}{\ignorespaces The total search space\relax }}{28}{figure.caption.24}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.13}{\ignorespaces Idea of the frequency searching algorithm\relax }}{28}{figure.caption.25}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.14}{\ignorespaces Basic distance estimation principle for one satellite\relax }}{29}{figure.caption.26}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.15}{\ignorespaces Estimating the distance by phase shift $\Delta t =t_2 - t_1 =\tau $\relax }}{30}{figure.caption.27}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.16}{\ignorespaces Taylor series approximation for a point $a=0.5$ where $n$ is the Taylor polynomial degree.\relax }}{32}{figure.caption.28}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.17}{\ignorespaces Basic AGPS principle\relax }}{35}{figure.caption.29}
-\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.30}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{46}{figure.caption.31}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{50}{figure.caption.32}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{50}{figure.caption.33}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{56}{figure.caption.38}
-\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{62}{figure.caption.42}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{63}{figure.caption.44}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{65}{figure.caption.46}
-\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{66}{figure.caption.47}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces Cell-ID position estimation technique where a mobile user can be connected to only one BTS.\relax }}{4}{figure.caption.5}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.2}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the RSS estimation technique. One rectangle location is represented by two RSS measurements for two BTS, blue is BTS1 and red is BTS2.\relax }}{5}{figure.caption.6}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.3}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the E-OTD positioning technique. Current time information are transmitted from 3 different BTS's at the same time.Then the MS observes the difference of time when the information arrive and using trilateration technique calculates the relative position of the MS.\relax }}{6}{figure.caption.7}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.4}{\ignorespaces Basic idea of the Angle of Arrival positioning technique. The angle of the reception signal on the BTS antenna is measured. By knowing at least two angles on two BTS's, it is possible to interpolate the intersection point where the MS is located.\relax }}{8}{figure.caption.8}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1.5}{\ignorespaces Wireless Access Point tagging. The MS could be located anywhere where all three access points are visible, this area has a wavy background and is between access points 1, 2 and 4.\relax }}{9}{figure.caption.9}
+\addvspace {10\p@ }
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces GPS Simple working principle, a) example in 3D space with spheres b) example in 2D space with circles.\relax }}{13}{figure.caption.11}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces One frame of 1500 bits on L1 frequency carrier\relax }}{15}{figure.caption.12}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Subframes always start with telemetry and handover words\relax }}{16}{figure.caption.13}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces BPSK Modulation - First signal is the carrier wave, and it is multiplied (mixed) with the second signal, which are the data to be transmitted. The resulting signal at the output of the satellite antenna is the third one.\relax }}{17}{figure.caption.14}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.5}{\ignorespaces Modulation of the GPS signal L1\relax }}{18}{figure.caption.15}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces Two equivalent carrier waves with the same frequency but different phase shift\relax }}{21}{figure.caption.16}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.7}{\ignorespaces Demodulation of the L1 GPS signal\relax }}{21}{figure.caption.17}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.8}{\ignorespaces Effects of the low frequency term on the demodulated output C/A wave on the GPS receiver (the explanations and figures are from top to bottom). If the synthesized frequency is correct, $f_{1}=f_{2}$, the low frequency term becomes a DC term and does not modify the output $d_{C/A}$ wave (first figure). If the frequency matches but the phase not, in this case the phase is shifted for $\pi $, then $d_{C/A}$ is inverted (second figure). If the phase shifts with time, then the amplitude and phase of $d_{C/A}$ shall vary as well (third figure).\relax }}{23}{figure.caption.18}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.9}{\ignorespaces Comparison between the original C/A code generated on the GPS satellite with two synthesized PRN codes with a different phase shift on the receiver.\relax }}{24}{figure.caption.19}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.10}{\ignorespaces Cross-correlation on three different signals\relax }}{25}{figure.caption.20}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.11}{\ignorespaces Segment of the frequency/code delay search space for a single GPS satellite\relax }}{27}{figure.caption.21}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.12}{\ignorespaces The total search space\relax }}{28}{figure.caption.22}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.13}{\ignorespaces Idea of the frequency searching algorithm\relax }}{28}{figure.caption.23}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.14}{\ignorespaces Basic distance estimation principle for one satellite\relax }}{29}{figure.caption.24}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.15}{\ignorespaces Estimating the distance by phase shift $\Delta t =t_2 - t_1 =\tau $\relax }}{30}{figure.caption.25}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.16}{\ignorespaces Taylor series approximation for a point $a=0.5$ where $n$ is the Taylor polynomial degree.\relax }}{32}{figure.caption.26}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.17}{\ignorespaces Basic AGPS principle\relax }}{35}{figure.caption.27}
+\addvspace {10\p@ }
+\addvspace {10\p@ }
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces RRLP Request protocol. Assistance data can be sent before the request is made. If the assistance data are sent, their reception acknowledgement is sent as a response from the MS.\relax }}{40}{figure.caption.28}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces An example RRLP request. Constructing a binary RRLP request in PER from ASN.1. Yellow zero bits are extension markers or spare bits. \relax }}{46}{figure.caption.29}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Reference location is a 14 octet stream built according to the given rule as specified in the standard \citep {3gppequations} under section \textit {7.3.6}.\relax }}{50}{figure.caption.30}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces World Geodetic System 1984\relax }}{50}{figure.caption.31}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data to be delivered\relax }}{56}{figure.caption.36}
+\addvspace {10\p@ }
+\addvspace {10\p@ }
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access ltd\relax }}{62}{figure.caption.40}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces nanoBTS with two external antennas and five connection ports\relax }}{63}{figure.caption.42}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Navilock NL-402U, opened up with the antenna and USB cable\relax }}{65}{figure.caption.44}
+\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.4}{\ignorespaces Cable connections, showing interconnection diagram\relax }}{66}{figure.caption.45}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot
index 7176128..340caba 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.lot
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
\select@language {english}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces Overview of the localization techniques.\relax }}{10}{table.caption.12}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1.1}{\ignorespaces Overview of the localization techniques.\relax }}{10}{table.caption.10}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{51}{table.caption.34}
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{52}{table.caption.35}
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{53}{table.caption.36}
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{53}{table.caption.37}
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{57}{table.caption.39}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces GPS UTC Model content\relax }}{51}{table.caption.32}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.2}{\ignorespaces Navigation message (ephemeris) content\relax }}{52}{table.caption.33}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.3}{\ignorespaces Almanac message content\relax }}{53}{table.caption.34}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.4}{\ignorespaces GPS Ionosphere Model content\relax }}{53}{table.caption.35}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4.5}{\ignorespaces Requested AGPS assistance data bit meaning\relax }}{57}{table.caption.37}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{64}{table.caption.45}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Indicator LED status on the nanoBTS\relax }}{64}{table.caption.43}
\addvspace {10\p@ }
\addvspace {10\p@ }
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{79}{table.caption.53}
-\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{80}{table.caption.54}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.1}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (latitude and longitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{79}{table.caption.51}
+\contentsline {table}{\numberline {A.3.2}{\ignorespaces Example uncertainties (altitude) for various integer values of $K$\relax }}{80}{table.caption.52}
diff --git a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.tex b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.tex
index d7b96f8..240cccb 100644
--- a/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.tex
+++ b/vorlagen/thesis/src/maindoc.tex
@@ -217,8 +217,6 @@ stepnumber=1, numbersep=5pt, numbers = none}
%%% .. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\include{erklaerung}
\tableofcontents
-\listoftables
-\listoffigures
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}
@@ -240,6 +238,8 @@ stepnumber=1, numbersep=5pt, numbers = none}
%% Literatur %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\selectbiblanguage{english}
+\listoftables
+\listoffigures
\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
\bibliography{bib/literatur}