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\setchapterpreamble[u]{%
  \dictum[Stobaeus] {What use is knowledge if there is no understanding?}
}
\chapter{Introduction to GSM and GPS}
\section{Motivation}
\section{Goals of the thesis}
The goal of the following thesis is to:
- implement the Radio Resource Location Protocol inside of OpenBSC, to the extent of 
delivering correct GPS assistance data to cell phone subscribers
inside the GSM network
- test the protocol on 5-10 different smart phones
- describe and analyze the background processes taking place inside of the cell phone
\chapter{Assisted GPS}

\chapter{Radio Resource Location Protocol}

\chapter {Working}
\section{Zitieren..}
citep: \citep{kopka1997latex} \\
citet: \citet{kopka1997latex}

\chapter{System}
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Test test
\chapter{Hardware}
In the following chapter the author will introduce the reader to the hardware
components used in the thesis. The hardware components will be presented
according to their importance of building an operational and
functional GSM network with GPS localization capabilities. Firstly the nanoBTS
will be introduced since it is the main hardware component used for building a
basic GSM network infrastructure. Then a short insight into the used
GPS receiver will be given. Additionally the mobile stations used for
testing of the system will be reviewed. Finally, a hardware connection diagram
will be given.
 
\section{GSM hardware - nanoBTS}
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in deployment of
private cellular networks for research or in remote areas which lead to
the devolopment of diverse ``low-cost'' GSM hardware solutions. According to 
ip.access\footnote{http://www.ipaccess.com}, the manufacturer of nanoBTS, it is the
most deployed BTS hardware used for coverage of ``hard-to-reach places;
in-buildings; remote areas; marine and aviation; and public spaces''.
A nanoBTS with its plastic cover can be seen in Figure \ref{img:nanoBTS}. 
Our University GSM network consists of three nanoBTS stations. The deployed
nanoBTS in author's thesis works in the 1800 MHz frequency range,
for which the University of Freiburg had obtained a licence from the
Federal Network Agency (German: $Bundesnetzagentur$). The transmission frequencies
range between 1805-1880 MHz, with 200 KHz channel spacing and maximal output power
of +13 dBm ($\approx$20 mW), whereas the receiving frequencies
lie in the range between 1710-1785 MHz and same channel spacing of 200
KHz \citep{nanoGSM2007brochure}. 
The key limitation of gathering more technical data lies in
the fact that nanoBTS is not an open source hardware product however, the given
technical data are sufficient for reproducing and conducting the RRLP tests. 

Author's test system operated on the ARFCN 877 channel. ARFCN (Absolute Radio
Frequency Channel Number) defines the uplink and downlink channel frequency insdide 
the GSM network \citep{Richard2011Master}. ARFCN 877 corresponds to the uplink frequency
of 1,783.2 MHz and a downlink frequency of 1,878.2 MHz, where the uplink direction
represents the direction from the nanoBTS to the mobile stations and downlink vice versa.

The decision to use the ARFCN 877 
channel was derived from the fact that the channel was free, measurements were
carried out with a spectrum analyzer built on the USRP hardware. 

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\label{img:nanoBTS}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[scale=0.50]{img/nanoBTS.jpg}
  \caption[]{nanoBTS with its plastic cover. Image courtesy of ip.access}
\end{figure}
\section{test}
\chapter{Summary}

\chapter*{Dictionary of acronyms}
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{ARFCN} - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number - The channel number specifies the physical frequency channel used for transmission and reception inside of an BTS covered area.
\item \emph{BTS} - Base Transceiver Station - 
\item \emph{RRLP} - Radio Resource Location Protocol - The employed protocol in GSM, UMTS and other wireless networks for providing and exchange of geolocation information. 
\item \emph{UMTS} - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Third generation mobile network based on the GSM standards. 
\end{itemize}